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在紙漿、纖維、食品、發酵、合成橡膠(樹脂)、涂料、石油工業等工業的生產過程中，因為原料和添加劑的性質等原因，不僅會因產生發泡現象影響生產，而且在處理含有這些原料和添加劑成分的這類工業廢水時，會使廢水處理設施，如曝氣池和沉淀池因泡沫現象而不能正常運轉，同時，泡沫飛濺也會影響周圍的環境。發泡對廢水處理對曝氣池和沉淀池產生的危害可以歸納如下:</p><p>(1)曝氣池:利用鼓風機或機械將空氣中的氧向曝氣池中廢水和活性污泥的混合液傳送，很容易產生大量的泡沫。在廢水中使薄膜穩定化的上述物質含量達到一定程度后，泡沫就會越積越多，直至溢出曝氣池，引起外部設備的污染、操作條件惡化和環境衛生變差等問題。殘留在活性污泥混合液中的微細泡沫同時又是二沉池產生泡沫的直接原因。</p><p>(2)沉淀池:從曝氣池而來、已夾帶微細泡沫的活性污泥混合液進入二沉池后，微細泡沫會使活性污泥上浮流出，積累一定量后，二沉池表面會積聚大量泡沫浮渣，不僅有礙觀瞻，而且還會引起二沉池出水懸浮物超標，影響污水處理的效果。</p><p> <img src="/static/upload/image/20240921/1726881063175217.jpeg" alt="污水處理發泡" width="800" height="532" border="0" vspace="0" style="width: 800px; height: 532px;"/> <br/></p><p> 泡是氣體表面覆蓋著薄的液體膜，因此，即使在純水中激烈地通人空氣，也會產生泡沫。用玻璃杯在壓力很大的水龍頭下接水，有時杯中水呈乳白色、過一會兒又變成無色，也是因為空氣溶人水中形成了許多微小的氣泡。但由于在上述情況下氣泡表面的薄膜不穩定，所以泡沫就會很快消失。只有水中或多或少含有一些可以使薄膜穩定化的物質，泡就相對穩定，隨之而來便產生發泡現象?？墒贡∧し€定化的物質主要有以下兒種:</p><p>(1)表面活性劑:用于工業生產過程中的各種表面活性劑是發泡的主要因素。表面活性劑的活性越高，則越容易發泡。表面活性劑的濃度越大，泡越難以消失。</p><p>(2)表面活性物質:淀粉、蛋白質、蔗糖等雖然不像表面活性劑那樣具有表面活性，但因為其分子中具有親水基和采油基，因此可以像表面活性劑那樣在膜中定向，使膜穩定。</p><p>(3)各種懸浮物質:有些懸浮物質單獨存在，不會發泡，但如果混入因表面活性劑等產生的泡中，卻可以使膜穩定，成為難以消失的泡。例如，造紙廢水中的微細紙漿，食品廢水中的淀粉、蛋白質蔗糖類原料中的纖維質及廢水處理中的活性污泥等，尤其是處理食品廢水的曝氣池活性污泥中的泡沫最難消失。</p><p>(4)鹽類:含有氣化鈉、硫酸鈉、硫酸鋁等鹽類的廢水，單獨存在時幾平不發泡，但和懸浮物質一樣，有助于形成難以消失的泡。(5)溫度:一般來說，混人表面活性劑的廢水，溫度越高發泡最越大。而且發泡廢水表面上的外部氣溫越低，泡越穩定越難以消失(6)pH值:通常情況下，pH值越高，泡越難以消失。</p><p><br/></p> </div> <hr> <p>上一篇：<a href="/technical/595.html">日常的污水都是如何處理的呢？</a></p> <p>下一篇：<a href="/technical/598.html">一體化污水處理設備相關保養及常見故障？</a></p> </div> <div id="dx7hnvp" class="col-md-3 sidebar hidden-xs"> <div id="7p7d5b7" class="text-center sidebar-category">新聞中心</div> <div class="fl7rpbv" id="firstpane" class="menu_list"> <div 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